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Base R - no statistics, no fancy packages, just plain R
Learn the essentials for working with R.
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Posts
examples
unit01
Introduction
Setting up R and auxiliary programs for operating R and introducing a few tools if you get stuck.
Installation
How to install R and RStudio?
User Interface
What is what in RStudio.
First Steps in R
Making your first steps in R with simple arithmetic operations.
?Help()?!
What to do if you get lost in R?
R Help-Files?!
What to do if you get lost in R?
Summary
What to do if you get lost in R?
DataCamp Exercise
It is time for DATA CAMP exercises!
unit02
Introduction
Learn about different levels of measurements and how information is arranged in data types in R.
Levels of Measurement
The Four Horsemen of Measurement - hear their names: Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, Ratio.
Qualitative Data
The Four Horsemen of Measurement - hear their names: Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, Ratio.
Quantitative Data
You already know about (non-numerical or categorical) qualitative data. But when you do have numbers, you have got quantitative data. Quantitative Data (“nu...
Summary
Summary The Four Types of Data: nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio. Remember that the top-level category is eithe...
DataCamp Exercise
It is time for DATA CAMP exercises!
unit03
Introduction to data types and objects
You will learn about different types of data storing in objects.
Exercise 1
Try yourself in Exercise 1!
Solution to Exercise 1
See if you were right in exercise 1!
Summary
Test What we learned so far: Visualization of the connection of data types and objects. Raw data is categoriz...
unit04
Introduction
You will learn how to access the indices.
Summary
Test
unit05
Introduction
You will learn how to set up the working environment
Installing Packages in R
“Good things come in small packages.” — Proverb
unit06
Introduction to CSV
You will learn what a csv file is and how to use it in a dataframe.
CSV
“Torture the data, and it will confess to anything.” – Ronald Coase
unit07
apply
For-loops are very flexible and a good start to get to know the principle, but there’s another way to repeat tasks, which can be a bit more effective and red...
write your own function
You have already used many functions up to this point. Now it’s time to write your own functions. A function takes an object x, or more, specified within the...
Introduction to loops
You will learn what operators and loops do and how to write a if-then-else construct.
Operators
“Data is the new oil.” — Clive Humby
Decisions and Loops
Decision structures are like junctions in the analysis workflow and decide which way to go during runtime. Loops are the workhorses for repeating the same co...
For-loops
For-loops are the mother of all repeating structures which enable the execution of certain code blocks for multiple times. For-loops are useful if the number...
Loop and Conquer
This worksheet provides some control structure and loop examples to help you getting familiar with these probably most important properties of any programmin...
Lapply-loops
As examples for the apply family we shortly introduce lapply. Basic structure The lapply function can be your workhorse when it comes to loops over data fra...
If-then-else
If-then-else statements are the controlling structures in each program. The simplest form is: a <- 5.0 b <- 10.0 if (a < b) { print("a is smaller...
While-loops
As for loops, while loops are repeating structures which enable the execution of certain code blocks for multiple times. The difference is that for while loo...
unit08
Intoduction
At the end of this unit you should know how to sort bind merge specific datum in vectors, lists, matrices and data.frames. Comments? You can leave c...
Sorting
“It is a capital mistake to theorize before one has data.” — Sherlock Holmes
Binding
“In God we trust, all others bring data.” — W Edwards Deming
Merging
To merge data frames based on identifiers rather than the order of the rows, we utilize the merge() function. When merging two data frames, it’s essential to...
Manipulation of characterstrings
R allows you to manipulate character strings. This is a great. After all, no one is free from mistakes, and typos can creep into your strings. Or maybe you h...
Aggregate and transform data
Aggregate Aggregate functions in R are used to perform operations on subsets of data, summarizing multiple values into a single value. Common aggregate func...
unit09
Introduction to creating graphs
You will remember from Unit 02 that each type of data requires its own specific techniques for description and visualisation. Qualitative data includes non-...
Creating graphs
“No design works unless it embodies ideas that are held common by the people for whom the object is intended.” - Adrian Forty
Dotplot
What is a Dotplot? Short Version: A dot plot is just a bar chart that uses dots to represent individual quanta. Long Version: A Dot Plot, also called a...
Boxplot
What is a Boxplot? The box plot (also box-whisker plot) is a diagram used to graphically represent the distribution of a characteristic that is at least o...
Line Chart
What is a Line Chart? A line chart is the graphical representation of the functional relationship of two (with 2D representation) or three (with 3D repr...
Scatterplot
What is a Scatterplot? A scatter plot is a graphical representation of observed pairs of values of two statistical characteristics. These pairs of values ...
Summary
Test what you’ve learned so far!