Numeric Data Types

Integers

Integers are whole numbers without a decimal point. They can be positive, negative, or zero.

Examples:

x = 10     # Positive integer
y = -3     # Negative integer
z = 0      # Zero

Floats

Floats (floating-point numbers) are numbers with a decimal point. They can also be positive, negative, or zero.

Examples:

a = 3.14   # Positive float
b = -2.5   # Negative float
c = 0.0    # Zero as a float

The math Library

Python provides the built-in math module, which contains many mathematical functions and constants.

Importing the math Module

To use its functions, you must first import math:

import math

Important Functions from math

math.sqrt(x) Returns the square root of x
math.pow(x, y) Computes x raised to the power of y
math.floor(x) Rounds x down to the nearest integer
math.ceil(x) Rounds x up to the nearest integer
math.pi Constant π (3.141592653589793)
math.e Constant e (2.718281828459045)

Examples:

import math

# Square root
print(math.sqrt(25))  # Output: 5.0

# Power
print(math.pow(2, 3))  # Output: 8.0

# Rounding
print(math.floor(4.7))  # Output: 4
print(math.ceil(4.1))   # Output: 5

# Constants
print(math.pi)  # Output: 3.141592653589793
print(math.e)   # Output: 2.718281828459045

Updated: